Selasa, 31 Agustus 2010

Polusi Cahaya

Istilah polusi cahaya merujuk pada suatu keadaan cahaya berlebih, baik dari sumber-sumber alamiah maupun dari sumber-sumber buatan, yang menimbulkan rasa ketidaknyamanan. Dalam kondisi normal, polusi cahaya banyak ditimbulkan oleh sumber-sumber cahaya buatan, misalnya dari lampu penerangan jalan, lampu-lampu reklame, lampu dekorasi, lampu taman, lampu dari stadion olahraga, lampu penerangan luar, dan lain-lain, yang umumnya akibat penggunaan sistem penerangan yang tidak tepat.

Pencahayaan yang tidak tepat umumnya menyebabkan terhamburnya cahaya ke atas (ke arah langit) secara percuma, sehingga cahaya terbuang secara sia-sia. Karena itu, terjadinya polusi cahaya biasanya merupakan indikator dari pemborosan energi.

Dewasa ini, kita sedang mengalami krisis listrik, namun kita masih saja menghamburkan listrik melalui lampu peneangan yang tidak tepat.

Polusi cahaya tidak hanya menyebabkan "hilang"nya bintang-bintang di langit malam, tetapi telah diketahui bahwa polusi cahaya juga mempunyai dampak ekologis, misalnya menngganggu sistem reproduksi hewan, mengganggu navigasi burung-burung, dan lain-lain.

Jenis - Jenis Polusi Cahaya




Dampak dari Polusi Cahaya
Mengurangi Polusi Cahaya
sumber : http://bosscha.itb.ac.id/berita/polusi-cahaya.html
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Light Polution

The term refers to light pollution in a state of excess light, either from natural sources or from artificial sources, which generate a sense of discomfort. Under normal circumstances, a lot of light pollution caused by artificial light sources, eg, from street lighting, billboard lights, decorative lights, garden lights, lights from the sports stadium, outside lighting, etc., which are generally due to the use lighting systems that are not appropriate.

Improper lighting generally cause terhamburnya light upwards (towards the sky) are useless, so the light is wasted in vain. Therefore, the occurrence of light pollution is usually an indicator of wasted energy.

Today, we are experiencing a power crisis, but we're still just a waste of electricity through the lamp peneangan inappropriate.

Light pollution not only causes the "lost" its stars in the night sky, but it has been known that light pollution also has an ecological impact, for example menngganggu animal reproductive systems, disrupt the navigation of birds, and others.

Type - Types of Light Pollution

*
Light Trespass>>> The light from the lamp on or neighbors and illuminate our homes.
*`Over-Illumination>>> Building or something that was illuminated too excessive property
*`Glare>>> highlights of light caused by light sources are not well targeted.
In addition to drawing no poles with signs reading "STOP". Because light from the background so that the right does not lead observers to be blinded and signs become invisible.








* Sky Glow>>> The sky was bright because the casting of light it receives

Impact of Light Pollution
>> The sky will be affected by light pollution so the stars seem brighter - the star or object - other celestial bodies that should be visible to become invisible. As in the picture besides orion constellation, which showed differences in the dark sky on the left and the sky is affected by light pollution on the right. In the photo on the left, it seems the stars in the constellation Orion very clearly right, while in the photo, we will be difficult to determine the star - a star which became the constellation orion markers.















We all must have seen various types of insects that gather around streetlights.
When he saw them, we might just think that the indeed insects attracted by light, but in fact, the insect is more than just interested but an obsession. Insects that fly around the lamps along with other insects will be exhausted over time, blind, or even die from the heat roasting. An American study found that on average every street lights at night can kill about 150 insects. If a year means about 54 750 insects were killed by a lamp. Imagine if there are 50 lamps in a single complex, there is 2.7375 million heads of insects that were killed in one year. So how about if we also count the lights in the entire city, throughout the country, and until the whole world, there would be hundreds of millions of dead insects. We may think the more the better of dead insects, so the fewer who bother us, but for the other inhabitants of the earth like birds, bats, reptiles and frogs might have felt differently. Sparrows and other birds looking for insects for their food. If hundreds of millions of dead bugs in a year, would be increasingly difficult to hunt food for them. Bats, lizards, and frogs also hunt insects. Of course the situation will be increasingly difficult for them in future. In addition, certain birds also make an annual migration to a warmer place and back into place. Birds use magnetic field as a compass for navigation and the constellations and moonlight as a map. Usually they travel very far across the continent and is hundreds of miles using the stars and moon light as guide their way. At this present moment, the light of the heavenly bodies are increasingly losing the bright and dim the artificial lighting of the urban
* Human>>> bright light in the night to make the human hormone cycles are slightly changed, and these changes contribute substantially to health and human psychology. According to research in Europe shows that there is a link between women who are in a light polluted environment with breast cancer. In addition there are still many things - things that are still studied its effects.
* Energy Consumption

Reduce Light Pollution
* Direction Lights
* Type of Lamp
* Setting Time

source: http://bosscha.itb.ac.id/berita/polusi-cahaya.html

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