Rabu, 07 Desember 2011

Prof Sangkot Marzuki

Sangkot Marzuki (lahir di Medan, Sumatera Utara, 2 Maret 1944; umur 67 tahun) adalah Direktur Lembaga Eijkman sejak 1992. Menempuh pendidikan di Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (1968), Universitas Mahidol, Bangkok, Thailand (M.Sc., 1971) dan Universitas Monash, Australia (Ph.D., 1976).

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangkot_Marzuki

Teringat Sangkot Marzuki

Tak dapat disangkal, setelah ditutup selama puluhan tahun, Lembaga Biologi Molekuler Eijkman di bawah kepemimpinan Prof. Dr. Sangkot Marzuki Batubara berkembang sangat cepat menjadi suatu lembaga penelitian terkemuka di Indonesia dan disegani di tingkat internasional. Profesor Sangkot berhasil mengembalikan lagi wibawa lembaga penelitian terpandang di dunia yang didirikan pada tahun 1888 di Salemba, Jakarta itu, khususnya sebagai laboratorium penelitian patologi dan bakteriologi. Di sinilah Christiaan Eijkman, sebagai direkturnya yang pertama, mengawali penelitiannya yang berakhir dengan suatu penemuan besar mengenai hubungan antara defisiensi vitamin B1 dan beri-beri, yang yang menjadi landasan konsep modern ilmu vitamin. Berkat penemuannya itu, Eijkman diganjar hadiah Nobel pada tahun 1929. Laboratorium riset yang awalnya bernama Lab. voor Patologie Anatomie en Bacteriologie ini kemudian pada peringatan pendiriannya kelima puluh tahun diberi nama Lembaga Eijkman. Di puncak kejayaannya pada awal abad ke-20, Lembaga Eijkman menjadi pusat penelitian kedokteran tropis terkemuka dunia, namun terpaksa ditutup pada tahun 1960-an di tengah kemelut politik dan ekonomi setelah perjuangan kemerdekaan Indonesia.

Adalah Prof. Dr. Ing. B.J. Habibie, yang ketika itu menjadi Menteri Riset dan Teknologi, yang menggagas menghidupkan kembali Lembaga Eijkman pada tahun 1990, sebagai upaya membangun sebuah lembaga penelitian terpandang di dunia dalam bidang biologi molekul. Untuk itu, B.J. Habibie khusus memanggil Sangkot dari Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, tempat Sangkot membangun karir ilmiah selama bertahun-tahun sampai menjadi ilmuwan yang memiliki reputasi internasional. Habibie meminta Sangkot untuk kembali ke Indonesia guna membantu beliau membangun sebuah lembaga penelitian biologi molekul baru. Sangkot pun dengan senang hati menerima tawaran untuk memimpin pembangunan kembali Lembaga Eijkman sebagai sarana pengembangan biologi molekul di Indonesia, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan ilmu kedokteran, tanpa pernah menyadari sebelumnya bahwa upaya tersebut memiliki tantangan dan hambatan yang besar.

Sangkot kembali ke Indonesia pada pertengahan tahun 1992. Dan, Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman dibuka kembali secara formal pada Juli 1992, yang dipimpin oleh Sangkot. Lembaga ini mulai beroperasi pada April 1993 dan diresmikan oleh Presiden Republik Indonesia pada 19 September 1995.

Sangkot memang ilmuwan kelas dunia. Pria kelahiran Medan pada 2 Maret 1994 ini lulus dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia pada tahun 1968. Lahir sebagai anak tertua dari pasangan seorang guru, Amir Hasandan Putir Chairani Siregar, Sangkot dan kelima adiknya sejak kecil telah ditanamkan pentingnya menuntut ilmu setinggi-tingginya. Apalagi, kedua kakeknya juga orang berpendidikan. Kakek dari pihak ayahnya juga seorang guru, sedangkan kakek dari ibunya seorang dokter hewan lulusan Universiteit Utrecht tahun 1930. Nenek Sangkot dari ibunya adalah kakak tertua pujangga terkemuka Sanusi Pane dan Armijn Pane, serta cendekiawan Islam Laveran Pane.

Keinginannya untuk menjadi ilmuwan, seperti dituturkan Sangkot, mulai terbentuk ketika ia duduk di bangku sekolah menengah pertama pada tahun 1956-1959 dan semakin terpupuk pada masa bersekolah di SMA III Jakarta (1959-1962). Lulus dari SMA, ia masuk Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia dan sejak awal sudah memutuskan untuk memperdalam bidang biokimia. ”Karena, saya dapatkan waktu kuliah itu bahwa semua hadiah Nobel di bidang kedokteran dimenangkan oleh penemuan-penemuan yang berkaitan dengan proses kimia kehidupan,” ungkapnya dalam sebuah kesempatan.

Perkenalan Sangkot secara langsung dengan dunia penelitian biologi modern terjadi waktu tiba di Monash University, Melbourne, sebagai seorang kandidat Ph.D. di pertengahan tahun 1971. Sebelumnya, setelah lulus menjadi dokter di tahun 1968, ia sudah dua tahun dipersiapkan menjadi ilmuwan dalam suatu program M.Sc. di bidang biokimia di Mahidol University, Bangkok, yang pada waktu itu masih dibawah binaan Rockefeller Foundation. ”Saya beruntung, karena program pascasarjana di Department of Biochemistry Mahidol University waktu itu merupakan program yang sangat maju, dengan pengajar ilmuwan aktif yang sebagian besar datang dari Amerika. Di sinilah saya diperkenalkan dengan konsep-konsep kimia dan fisika yang mendasari proses biologis, yang merupakan konsep mutakhir biokimia saat itu,” tuturnya.

Sangkot di Monash University bergabung dengan kelompok penelitian Profesor Anthony W. Linnane, yang pada waktu itu merupakan kelompok utama dunia dalam mempelajari proses bagaimana suatu sel makhluk hidup membangun aparatus sel yang diperlukan untuk proses transduksi energi. Waktu itu, Sangkot sudah memahami bahwa makhluk hidup memerlukan energi untuk berbagai fungsinya, termasuk untuk pergerakan mekanik, untuk pertumbuhan dan reparasi dan untuk mempertahankan suhu tubuh. Ia juga bahwa sumber energi yang dapat digunakan secara langsung oleh sel hidup untuk proses-proses ini hanyalah suatu molekul berenergi tinggi yang dinamakan adenosine triphosphate atau ATP. Di Monash University inilah Sangkot merintis karir ilmiahnya sampai akhirnya dikenal sebagai ilmuwan terpandang di dunia, meskipun sempat kembali ke almamater awalnya, Universitas Indonesia.

Sangkot termasuk ilmuwan yang sangat produktif menuliskan pemikiran dan hasil-hasil risetnya di berbagai publikasi ilmiah internasional bergengsi, yang sebagian di antaranya kemudian ia bukukan dengan judul Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Disorders: From Yeast to Human. Buku inilah yang membuat Sangkot dianugerahi gelar higher doctorate oleh Monash University pada tahun 1998. Semuanya pengujinya memberikan pujian tinggi pada karya ilmiah Sangkot tersebut. Salah seorang pengujinya, Dr. Joanna Poulton dari Oxford, menilai, “Professor Marzuki’s work on the assembly and biosynthesis of H+-ATPase (nama lain dari ATP synthase) was some of the earliest work on nucleomitochondrial interactions. It made an important contribution to the foundation of the work which ultimately earned other workers the recent Nobel prize for characterizing the molecular motor which drives ATP synthesis in most/all living cells.”

Sangkot termasuk ilmuwan pertama yang membuktikan bahwa akumulasi mutasi dalam DNA mitokondria memiliki peran penting dalam proses penuaan. Beberapa penemuan di bidang ilmu kedokteran juga mengangkatnya sebagai salah satu pakar di bidang kloning dari Indonesia. Salah satu hasil kajiannya yang paling monumental di bidang kedokteran adalah penemuan tentang sistem konversi energi tubuh. Selain itu, ia juga berhasil menemukan peta gen untuk penyakit thalassemia.

Penghargaan atas reputasi ilmiah yang pernah diterima Sangkot antara lain Exchange Fellow–Australian Academy of Sciences 1981; ASEAN Achievement Award (Science-Biology) 1992; Penghargaan M. Kodijat–Ikatan Dokter Indonesia 1994; Outstanding Science Alumnus Award–Mahidol University, Thailand 1999, dan; Eijkman Medal dari University of Utrecht, Belanda 2001. Pada tahun 2007 lalu, Prof. Dr. Sangkot Marzuki juga menerima Penghargaan Hamengkubuwono IX dari Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Pada tahun yang sama, ia juga mendapat Penghargaan Achmad Bakrie untuk bidang kedok­teran.

Pengabdian Sangkot Marzuki Batubara dengan penuh dedikasi terhadap suatu bidang ilmu dan juga terhadap tanah airnya, ditambah pula dengan prestasinya yang berskala internasional, sudah sepatutnyalah dijadikan inspirasi dan bahan pembelajaran oleh bangsa Indonesia, terutama generasi mudanya. Sangkot Marzuki adalah salah satu putra terbaik bangsa ini yang patut dihargai jasa-jasanya dan mendapat perhatian yang layak dari pemerintah Indonesia. Pedje

http://dibuangsayangamat.blogspot.com/2010/08/teringat-sangkot-marzuki.html

========

Prof. DR. Sangkot Marzuki

Sangkot Marzuki was born in Medan 2th March 1944. He has been a director of Eijkman Institute since 1992. He obtained his medical doctor degree from University of Indonesia in 1968 and his Master in biochemistry from Mahidol University in 1971. He completed his PhD in 1975 from the Monash University. He received D.Sc (higher doctorate) from Monash University in 1998.

He helds many memberships in Academies and Societies : Professor of Medicine, Monash University, Australia. 1995-present, Adjunct Professor of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia. 1997-2003. Senior Scientist, BPP Teknologi. 1992-1999. Assoc. Professor - Biochemistry, Monash University, Australia. 1984-1992 (Senior Lecturer, 1978-1984; Lecturer, 1976-1978). Senior Research Associate, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia. 1984-1991. Visiting Professor, Melbourne University Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Australia. 1988. Senior Research Associate, Centre for Molecular Biology and Medicine, Monash University, Australia. 1984-1991.Visiting Research Scientist, Jichi Medical School, Japan. 1981.

He has received many awards and honors : Hamengkubuwono IX Award – Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 2007. Doctor Honoris Causa – Utrecht University, The Netherlands, 2006. Outstanding Alumni Award – Mahidol University, Thailand, 2006. ASEAN Outstanding Scientist Award 2005. Habibie Award – The Habibie Centre, Indonesia 2003.Eijkman Medal, University of Utrecht, Netherlands, 2001.Outstanding Science Alumnus Award – Mahidol University, Thailand, 1999. M. Kodijat Award - Ikatan Dokter Indonesia, 1994. ASEAN Achievement Award (Science-Biology), 1992. Exchange Fellow - Australian Academy of Sciences, 1981.

During his career he helds many positions in national and International organizations : President of Indonesia Academy of sciences 2008-now. Member of Influenza Network Steering Committee of South East Asia Influenza Clinical Research Network, 2006-present. Member of Pan-Asian SNP Initiative, 2005-now. President of The Wallacea Foundation, 2005-now. Member of National Research Council, 1994-now. Member of Higher Education Council1996-2000; 2003-now. Member of Dewan Wali Amanah IPB, 2002-now. Governing Council Member – Asia Pacific International Molecular Biology Network, 1999-now. President of Indonesian Genome Organization1999-now. Chairman of International Organizing Committee – Second Human Genome Organization (Pacific) Meeting, Denpasar, Indonesia. 1999. Chairman - Asia Pacific Network of Human and Medical Geneticists, 1995-sekarang. Chief Scientific Advisor and Board Member – PT DB Diagnosia (a biotechnology company for medical diagnostics) 1998-now. Science Advisor – PT Bio Farma. 1999-now. President of Asia-Pacific Society of Bioscientists, 1996-1998 (Vice-President, 1994-1996). Chairman of the International Organizing Committee - 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Medical Genetics, Jakarta, Indonesia, 1995. Vice President of National Committee for Biotechnology Development, 1992-1995. Member of Human Genome Organization, 1992-now. Chairman of the Organizing Committee-International Symposium on "Biochemistry in the Tropics: from Vitamins to Molecular Biology", Jakarta, Indonesia, 1990. Foundation Convenor of Tripartite Conferences/Workshops between Australia, United States and Japan on the Structure, Function, Biogenesis and Pathology of Energy Transducing Membranes, Hawaii, USA (First Meeting - 1987).

His research interests has ranged over a variety of topics, Inherited Disorders of the Energy Transducing Membrane, Genetic Disorders of the Red Blood Cell, Extrachromosomal DNAs in the Biogenesis of the Energy Transducing Membrane of the Malaria Parasite. The Development of Monoclonal and Antipeptide Antibody-Based Diagnostic Procedures He has produced more than 125 key publications are cited. .

E-mail : smarzuki@eijkman.go.id
Tel. 62-21-314 8695
Fax. 62-21-314 7982

Organisasi Profesi:

  1. Human Genome Organization
  2. Asia-Pacific Society of Bioscientists
  3. Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  4. The New York Academy of Science
  5. American Association for the Advancement of Science
  6. Ikatan Dokter Indonesia
  7. Perhimpunan Biokimia Indonesia

Publikasi Ilmiah:

Lebih dari 125 makalah ilmiah di jurnal internasional. Berikut adalah 6 representatif dari publikasi di atas:

  1. Marzuki, S. (ed). 1989. Molecular structure, function and assembly of ATP synthases. Plenum, New York.
  2. Linnane, A.W., S. Marzuki, T. Ozawa and M. Tanaka. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA mutations as an important contributor to ageing and degenerative diseases. Lancet i, 642-645.
  3. Marzuki, S., A.S. Noer, P. Lertrit, D. Thyagarajan, P. Utthanaphol, R. Kapsa and E. Byrne. 1991. Normal variants of the human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: the building of a reference data base. Human Genet 88, 139-145.
  4. Syafruddin, D., J.E. Siregar and S. Marzuki. 1999. Mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium berghei conferring resistance to atovaquone. Molec. Biochem. Parasitol. 104: 185-194.
  5. Ke, Y., B. Su, X. Song, L. Chen, H. Li, S. Marzuki, R. Deka, P. Underhill, C. Xiao, M. Shriver, J. Lell, D. Wallace, R.S. Wells, M. Seielstad, D. Lu, D. Zhu, W. Huang, R. Chakraborty, L. Jin. 2001. African Origin of Modern Humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science, 292: 1151-1153
  6. Marzuki, S., H. Sudoyo, H. Suryadi, I. Setianingsih and P. Pramoonjago. 2003. Human genome diversity and disease on the island Southeast Asia. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 531, 3-18.

PUBLICATIONS - SANGKOT MARZUKI

  1. Books
    1. Marzuki, S., J. Verhoef, H. Snippe (eds.). 2003. Tropical diseases: From molecules to bedside. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
    2. Marzuki, S. (ed.). 1989. Molecular structure, function and assembly of the ATP Synthases. Plenum Press, New York..
  2. Publications
    1. Tajima, A., M. Hayami, K. Tokunaga, T. Juji, M. Matsuo, S. Marzuki, K. Omoto, S. Horai. 2004. Genetic origins of the Ainu inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages. J. Hum. Genet. 49, 187-93.
    2. Malik, S.G., N. Pieter, H. Sudoyo, A. Kadir and S. Marzuki. 2003. Prevalence of the mitochondrial DNA A1555G mutation in sensorineural deafness patients in island Southeast Asia. J. Hum. Genet. 48, 480-483.
    3. Keenihan, S.H., R. Gramzinksi, S. Ratiwayanto, H. Hadiputranto, W. Riberu, S. Soebianto, F. Rusjdy, D. Syafruddin, A. Kartikasari, M. Djojosubroto, I. Setianingsih, A. Harahap, Krisin, D. Fryauff, T. Richie, Y. Charoenvit, H.A. Marwoto, S. Kumar, S. Hoffman, S. Marzuki, K. Baird. 2003. Mechanisms of innate and acquired protection against Plasmodium falciparum in Javanese transmigrant adults and children newly resident in malaria-endemic Northwest Papua. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 531, 83-102.
    4. Sudoyo, H., H. Suryadi, N. Sitorus, S. Soegondo, A. Pranoto and S. Marzuki. 2003. Mitochondrial genome and susceptibility to diabetes mellitus. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 531, 19-36.
    5. Yusuf, I., M.W. Djojosubroto, R. Ikawati, K. Lum, A. Kaneko and S. Marzuki. 2003. Ethnic and geographical distributions of CYP2C19 alleles in the populations of Southeast Asia. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 531, 37-46.
    6. Marzuki, S., H. Sudoyo, H. Suryadi, I. Setianingsih and P. Pramoonjago. 2003. Human genome diversity and disease on the island Southeast Asia. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 531, 3-18.
    7. Malik, S., H. Sudoyo, T. Sasmono, S. Winata, I.N. Arhya, P. Pramoonjago, W. Sudana and S. Marzuki. 2003. Nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness associated with the A1555G mutation in the mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal RNA in a Balinese family. J. Hum. Genet. 48,119-124.
    8. Sudoyo, H., H. Suryadi, P. Lertrit, P. Pramoonjago, D. Lyrawati and S. Marzuki. 2002. Asian specific mtDNA backgrounds associated with the primary G11778A mutation of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. J. Hum. Genet. 47, 594–604.
    9. Malik, S., H. Sudoyo, P. Pramoonjago, H. Suryadi, T. Sukarna, M. Njunting, E. Sahiratmadja and S. Marzuki. 2002. Nuclear mitochondrial interplay in the modulation of the homopolymeric tract length heteroplasmy in the control (D-loop) region of the mitochondrial DNA. Hum. Genet. 110: 402-411.
    10. Malik, S., H. Sudoyo, P. Pramoonjago, T. Sukarna, D. Darwis and S. Marzuki. 2002. Evidence for the de novo regeneration of the pattern of the length heteroplasmy associated with the T16189C variant in the control (D-loop) region of mitochondrial DNA. J. Hum. Genet. 47, 122-130.
    11. Daud, D., A. Harahap, I. Setianingsih, I. Nainggolan, S. Tranggana, R. Pakasi and S. Marzuki. 2001. The hemoglobin O mutation in Indonesia: Distribution and phenotypic expression. J. Hum. Genet. 46, 499-505.
    12. Handoko, H.Y., J.K. Lum, Gustiani, Rismalia, H. Kartapradja, A.S. Sofro and S. Marzuki. 2001. Length variations in the COII-tRNALys intergenic region of mitochondrial DNA in Indonesian populations. Hum. Biol. 73, 205-223.
    13. Ke, Y., B. Su, X. Song, D. Lu, L. Chen, H. Li, C. Qi, S. Marzuki, R. Deka, P. Underhill, C. Xiao, M. Shriver, J. Lell, D. Wallace, R.S. Wells, M. Seielstad, P. Oefner, D. Zhu, J. Jin, W. Huang, R. Chakraborty, Z. Chen and L. Jin. 2001. African origin of modern humans in East Asia: A tale of 12,000 Y chromosomes. Science 292, 1151-1153.
    14. Underhill, P.A., G. Passarino, A.A. Lin, S. Marzuki, P.J. Oefner, L.L. Cavalli-Sforza and G.K. Chambers. 2001. Maori origins, Y chromosome haplotypes and implications for human history in the Pacific. Hum. Mutat. 17, 271-280.
    15. Malik, S., H. Sudoyo and S. Marzuki. 2000. Microphotometric analysis of NADH-tetrazolium dehydrogenase deficiency in fibroblasts of patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 23, 730-744.
    16. Pramoonjago, P., A. Harahap, R.A. Taufani, I. Setianingsih and S. Marzuki. 1999. Rapid screening for the most common b-thalassemia mutations in Southeast Asia by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). J. Med. Genet. 36, 937-938.
    17. Syafruddin, D., J.E. Siregar and S. Marzuki. 1999. Mutations in the cytochrome b gene of Plasmodium berghei conferring resistance to atovaquone. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 104, 185-194.
    18. Setianingsih, I., R. Williamson, D. Daud, A. Harahap, S. Marzuki and S. Forrest. 1999. Phenotypic variability of Filipino betao-thalassemia/HbE in Indonesia. Am. J. Hematol. 62, 7-12.
    19. Setianingsih, I., R. Williamson, S. Marzuki, A. Harahap, M. Tamam, S. Forrest. 1998. Molecular basis of b-thalassemia in Indonesia: Application to prenatal diagnosis. Molec. Diagnosis 3, 11-20.
    20. Handoko, H.Y., P.J. Wirapati, H.A. Sudoyo, M. Sitepu and S. Marzuki. 1998. Meiotic breakpoint mapping of a proposed X linked visual loss susceptibility locus in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. J. Med. Genet. 35, 668-671.
    21. Sudoyo, H., M. Sitepu, S. Malik, H.D. Poesponegoro and S. Marzuki. 1998. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in Indonesia: Two families with the mtDNA 11778G>A and 14484T>C mutations. Hum. Mutat. Supp.1, 271-274.
    22. Marzuki, S., S.F. Berkovic, A.S. Noer, R.M.I. Kapsa, R.M. Kalnins, E. Byrne, T. Sasmono and H. Sudoyo. 1997. Developmental genetics of deleted mtDNA in mitochondrial oculomyopathy. J. Neurol. Sci. 145, 155-162.
    23. Budimulja, A.S., Syafruddin, P. Tapchaisri, P. Wilairat, and S. Marzuki. 1997. The sensitivity of Plasmodium protein synthesis to prokaryotic ribosomal inhibitors. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 84, 137-141.
    24. Marzuki, S., H. Sudoyo, and P. Lertrit. 1995. Update in molecular genetics: Mitochondrial energy transduction disorders. SEA J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 26 (supp.1), 155-161.
    25. Lertrit, P., R.M.I. Kapsa, M.J.B. Jean-Francois, D. Thyagarajan, A.S. Noer, S. Marzuki and E. Byrne. 1994. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in disease: A possible contributor to respiratory dysfunction. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 1973-1981.
    26. Jean-Francois, M.J.B., P. Lertrit, S.F. Berkovic, D. Crimmins, J. Morris, S. Marzuki and E. Byrne. 1994. Heterogeneity in the phenotypic expression of the mutation in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene generally associated with the MELAS subset of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 24, 188-193.
    27. Kotsimbos, N., M.J.B. Jean-Francois, M. Huizing, R.M. Kapsa, P. Lertrit, N.C. Siregar, S. Marzuki, C. Sue, and E. Byrne. 1994. Rapid and noninvasive screening of patients with mitochondrial myopathy. Hum. Mutat. 4, 132-135.
    28. Kapsa, R., G.N. Thompson, D.R. Thorburn, H.H. Dahl, S. Marzuki, E. Byrne and R.B. Blok. 1994. A novel mtDNA deletion in an infant with Pearson syndrome. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 17, 521-526.
    29. Sudoyo, H., S. Marzuki, E. Byrne and F. Mastaglia. 1993. Phenotypic expression of mtDNA heteroplasmy in the skeletal muscle of patients with oculomyopathy: Defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis. J. Neurol. Sci. 117, 83-91.
    30. Thyagarajan, D., E. Byrne, A.S. Noer, P. Lertrit, R. Kapsa and S. Marzuki. 1993. MtDNA in congenital myotonic dystrophy. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 52, 207-210.
    31. Thyagarajan, D., E. Byrne, S. Noer, P. Lertrit, P. Utthanaphol, R. Kapsa and S. Marzuki. 1993. Significance of mitochondrial DNA deletions in myotonic dystrophy. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 87, 32-36.
    32. Lertrit, P., A.S. Noer, E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1992. Tissue segregation of a heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation in MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers) encephalomyopathy. Hum. Genet. 90, 251-254.
    33. Marzuki, S., P. Lertrit, A.S. Noer, R.M.I. Kapsa, H. Sudoyo, E. Byrne and D. Thyagarajan. 1992. The need for a joint effort in the construction of a reference data base for normal sequence variants of human mtDNA. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50, 1337-1340.
    34. Lertrit, P., A.S. Noer, M.J.B. Jean-Francois, R. Kapsa, X. Dennett, D. Thyagarajan, K. Lethlean, E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1992. A new disease-related mutation for mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndrome affects the ND4 subunit of the respiratory complex I. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 51, 457-468.
    35. Sudoyo, H., S. Marzuki, F. Mastaglia and W. Carroll. 1992. Molecular genetics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy: Study of a six-generation family from Western Australia. J. Neurol. Sci. 108, 7-17.
    36. Noer, A.S., S. Marzuki and W.S. Allison. 1992. Antipeptide antibodies to the carboxy terminal and the DCCD binding region of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase b-subunit. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1099, 123-130.
    37. Marzuki, S., H. Sudoyo and A.S. Noer. 1991. Polymorphism of the human mitochondrial DNA and forensic medicine. MKI J. Indon. Med. Assoc. 41, 737-740.
    38. Marzuki, S. 1991. Molecular pathology of disease- and age- related mutations in the mitochondrial DNA, pp. 1103-1107. In Miyai, K., T. Kanno and E. Ishikawa (eds.), Progress in Clinical Biochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    39. Greenway, A.L., M.L. Overall, N. Sattayasai, M.J. Rowley, P.J. Hertzog, G.L. McMullen, B.F. Cheetham and S. Marzuki. 1992. Selective production of interferon-a subtypes by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear and lymphoblastoid cel lines. Immunology 75, 182-188.
    40. Thyagarajan, D., E. Byrne, X. Dennett and S. Marzuki. 1992. The molecular genetics of mitochondrial cytopathies: The Melbourne experience. Clin. Exp. Neurol. 29, 172-181.
    41. Byrne, E., B. Jean-Francois, D. Thyagarajan, S. Collins, X. Dennett and S. Marzuki. 1991. Biochemical and molecular investigation of mitochondrial disease: An illustrative case showing the value of a multifaceted approach. Aust. N. Z. J. Med. 21, 837-843.
    42. Marzuki, S., A.S. Noer, P. Lertrit, D. Thyagarajan, R. Kapsa, P. Utthanaphol and E. Byrne. 1991. Normal variants of the human mitochondrial DNA and translation products: The building of a reference data base. Hum. Genet. 88, 139-145.
    43. Collins, S., C. Rudduck, S. Marzuki, X. Dennett and E. Byrne. 1991. Mitochondrial genome distribution in histochemically cytochrome c oxidase-negative muscle fibres in patients with a mixture of deleted and wild type mitochondrial DNA. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1097, 309-317.
    44. Marzuki, S., A.S. Noer, H. Sudoyo and E. Byrne. 1991. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and ageing. Proc. Aust. Physiol. Pharmacol. Soc. 22, 152-167.
    45. Thyagarajan, D., E. Byrne, S. Noer, P. Lertrit, P. Utthanaphol, R. Kapsa and S. Marzuki. 1991. Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis in congenital myotonic dystrophy. Ann. Neurol. 30, 724-727.
    46. Noer, A.S., H. Sudoyo, P. Lertrit, D. Thyagarajan, P. Utthanaphol, R. Kapsa, E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1991. A tRNALys mutation in the mtDNA is the causal genetic lesion underlying myoclonic epilepsy and ragged-red fibre (MERRF) syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49, 715-722.
    47. Moehario, L.H., L. Wang, R.J. Devenish, I.R. Mackay and S. Marzuki. 1991. The human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: A polymorphic region of the lipoate acetyl transferase (E2) subunit gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1097, 128-132.
    48. Sattayasai, N., S. Marzuki, G.L. McMullen, H.M. Geyson, T.J. Mason, A.R. Hibbs, M. Overall, P.J. Hertzog and A.W. Linnane. 1991. Subtype-specificity of antipeptide antibodies raised against unique sequences of human interferons-a. Molec. Immunol. 28, 975-983.
    49. Trounce, I., E. Byrne, X. Dennett, W.W. Chen and S. Marzuki. 1991. Affinity chromatography isolation of human cytochrome oxidase and small scale Western immunoblot probing of the enzyme complex in mitochondrial cytopathy patients. Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol. 46, 17-27.
    50. McKelvie, P.A., J.B. Morley, E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1991. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies: A correlation between neuropathological findings and defects in mitochondrial DNA. J. Neurol. Sci. 102, 51-60.
    51. Trounce, I., E. Byrne, S. Marzuki, X. Dennett, H. Sudoyo, F. Mastaglia and S.F. Berkovic. 1991. Functional respiratory chain studies in subjects with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and large heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA deletions. J. Neurol. Sci. 102, 92-99.
    52. Sattayasai, N., G.L. McMullen, S. Marzuki, G. Tribbick, H.M. Geysen, M.J. Tymms and A.W. Linnane. 1991. Universal antibodies to human interferon-a subtypes - The production of antipeptide antibodies to conserved regions of interferon-a. J. Interferon Res. 11, 41-48.
    53. Byrne, E., I. Trounce, S. Marzuki, X. Dennett, S.F. Berkovic, S. Davis, M. Tanaka and T. Ozawa. 1991. Functional respiratory chain studies in mitochondrial cytopathies. Support for mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in myoclonus epilepsy and ragged red fibers (MERRF) syndrome. Acta Neuropathol. 81, 318-323.
    54. Collins, S., X. Dennett, E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1991. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia in patients with large heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA delections: An immunocytochemical study. Acta Neuropathol. 82, 185-192.
    55. Marzuki, S., A.S. Noer, P. Lertrit, P. Utthanaphol, D. Thyagarajan, R. Kapsa, H. Sudoyo and E. Byrne. 1991. Molecular pathology of mitochondrial respiratory disorders: Normal nucleotide variants of human mitochondrial genome and mtDNA lesion in MERRF encephalomyopathy. Progr. Neuropathol. 7, 181-193.
    56. Linnane, A.W., A. Baumer, R.J. Maxwell, H. Preston, C.F. Zhang and S. Marzuki. 1990. Mitochondrial gene mutation: The ageing process and degenerative diseases. Biochem. Int. 22, 1067-1076.
    57. Sudoyo, H., S. Marzuki, I. Trounce and E. Byrne. 1990. Antimitochondrial autoantibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis as a novel probe in the study of the 2-oxo acid dehydrogenases in patients with mitochondrial myopathies. J. Neurol. Sci. 98, 185-193.
    58. Moehario, L.H., P.M. Smooker, R.J. Devenish, I.R. Mackay, M.E. Gershwin and S. Marzuki. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the lipoate acetyl transferase (E2) of human heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complex differs from that of human placenta. Biochem. Int. 31, 417-422.
    59. McMullen, G.L., N. Sattayasi, A.R. Hibbs and S. Marzuki. 1990. Antipeptide antibodies against conserved regions of human interferon-a: Evidence for conformational variations between IFNa subtypes. Biochem. Int. 21, 261-269.
    60. Mackay, I.R., M. Rowley, B. Loveland and S. Marzuki. 1990. The pepton hypothesis and autoimmunity. Immunogenetics 31, 61-62.
    61. Marzuki, S., E. Byrne, I. Trounce, H. Sudoyo, A.S. Noer and J. O'Day. 1989. Tapetoretinal degeneration in mitochondrial cytopathies, pp. 74-82. In Proc. 5th Int. Retinitis Pigmentosa Congress. Australian Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation, Melbourne.
    62. Marzuki, S., L.C. Watkins and W.M. Choo. 1989. Mitochondrial H+-ATPase in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defective subunit 8 of the enzyme complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975, 222-230.
    63. Marzuki, S., L.H. Moehario, R.J. Devenish, I.R. Mackay and P.M. Smooker. 1989. Mitochondrial M2 autoantigens and primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet i, 447.
    64. Lord, S.C., G.L. McMulen, S. Marzuki and B.F. Cheetham. 1989. Functional domains of human interferon gamma probed with antipeptide antibodies. Mol. Immunol. 26, 637-640.
    65. Sudoyo, H., A.S. Noer, I.R. Mackay and S. Marzuki. 1989. The association of the autoantigens of primary biliary cirrhosis with the mitochondrial H+-ATPase - A reasessment. Biochem. Int. 18, 951-960.
    66. Overall, M.L., S. Marzuki and P.J. Hertzog. 1989. Comparison of different ELISAs for the detection of monoclonal antibodies to human Interferon a. Implication for antibody screening. J. Immunol. Methods 119, 27-33.
    67. Linnane, A.W., S. Marzuki, T. Ozawa and M. Tanaka. 1989. Mitochondrial DNA mutations as an important contributor to ageing and degenerative diseases. Lancet i, 642-645.
    68. Trounce, I., E. Byrne and S. Marzuki. 1989. Decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain function: Possible factor in ageing. Lancet i, 637-639.
    69. Marzuki, S., A.S. Noer, H. Sudoyo, S. Meltzer, H.B. Lukins and A.W. Linnane. 1989. Monoclonal antibodies as probes of assembly of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, pp. 115-128. In Marzuki, S. (ed.), Molecular Structure, Function and Assembly of the ATP Synthases. Plenum Press, New York.
    70. Meltzer, S., T.A. Willson, L.C. Watkins, P. Nagley, S. Marzuki, A.W. Linnane and H.B. Lukins. 1989. Biochemical analyses of oli1 and oli2 gene mutations determining primary sequence changes in subunit 9 and 6 of yeast ATP synthase, pp. 51-65. In Marzuki, S. (ed.), Molecular Structure, Function and Assembly of the ATP Synthases. Plenum Press, New York.
    71. Sudoyo, H. and S. Marzuki. 1989. Anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies of primary biliary cirrhosis as a novel probe in the study of the biosynthetic regulation of the yeast 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase complexes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158, 220-227.
    72. Byrne, E., I. Trounce, X. Dennett, B. Gilligan, J.B. Morley and S. Marzuki. 1988. Progression from MERRF to MELAS phenotype in a patient with combined respiratory complex I and IV deficiencies. J. Neurol. Sci. 88, 327-337.
    73. Noer, A.S., S. Marzuki, I. Trounce and E. Byrne. 1988. Mitochondrial DNA deletion in encephalomyopathy. Lancet ii, 1253-1254.
    74. Sudoyo, H., S. Marzuki, I. Trounce, A.S. Noer and E. Byrne. 1988. Tissue specific expression of the mtochondrial M2 autoantigens of primary biliary cirrosis: Correlation with capacity for aerobic metabolism. Eur. Bioenerg. Conf. Short Reports 5, 287.
    75. Moehario, L.H. and S. Marzuki. 1988. Mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms - Medical and anthropological significance. MKI J. Indon. Med. Assoc. 38, 310-316.
    76. Marzuki, S., N. Sattayasai, I. Trounce and E. Bryne. 1988. Protein synthesis in mitochondria isolated from human skeletal muscle. Detection of polymorphism in mitochondrial translation products. J. Neurol. Sci. 87, 211-219.
    77. Marzuki, S., I.R. Mackay, H. Sudoyo and A.S. Noer. 1988. The M2 autoantigens of primary biliary cirrhosis are not subunits of the mitochondrial H+-ATPase. Hepatology 8, 1180-1181.
    78. Byrne, E., S. Marzuki and X. Dennett. 1988. Current perspectives in the study of human mitochondriopathies. Med. J. Aust. 149, 30-33.
    79. Sattayasai, N., A.R. Hibbs, G.L. McMulen, A.W. Linnane and S. Marzuki. 1988. Production of subtype-specific antipeptide antibodies to human interferon-a1 and a-4. J. Interferon Res. 8, 325-332.
    80. Hadikusumo, R.G., S. Meltzer, W.M. Choo, M.J.B. Jean-Francois, A.W. Linnane and S. Marzuki. 1988. The definition of mitochondrial H+-ATPase assembly defects in mit- mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a monoclonal antibody to the enzyme complex as an assembly probe. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933, 212-222.
    81. Jean-Francois, M.J.B., P.J. Hertzog and S. Marzuki. 1988. Isolation and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies against hydrophobic membrane subunit 9 of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933, 223-228.
    82. Cheetham, B., M. Beilharz, P. Chambers, P. Hertzog, B. McInnes, G. McMullen, S. Marzuki, M. Tymms, C.J. Burrel, A. Jilbert and A.W. Linnane. 1987. New Interferons and prosprects for use. In M.J. Rand and C. Raper (Eds.), Pharmacology. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    83. Sattayasai, N., D. Tweeddale and S. Marzuki. 1987. Gas-phase sequencing of the proteolipid subunit 9 of the human H+-ATPase in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Biochem. Internat. 15, 1043-1049.
    84. Jean-Francois, M.J.B., H.B. Lukins and S. Marzuki. 1986. Post-transcriptional defects in the synthesis of the mitochondrial H+-ATPase subunit 6 in yeast mutants with lesions in the subunit 9 structural gene. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 868, 178-182.
    85. Jean-Francois, M.J.B., R.G. Hadikusumo, L.C. Watkins, H.B. Lukins, A.W. Linnane and S. Marzuki. 1986. Correlation of defined lesions in the N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid with defects in the function and assembly of yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase and other respiratory enzyme complexes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 852, 133-143.
    86. Byrne, E., S. Marzuki, N. Sattayasai, X. Dennett and I. Trounce. 1987. Mitochondrial studies in Kearns-Sayre syndrome: Normal respiratory chain function with absence of a mitochondrial translation product. Neurology 37, 1530-1534.
    87. Hibbs, A.R., K.K. Maheshwari and S. Marzuki. 1987. Assembly of the mitochondrial ribosomes in a temperature-conditional mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in the synthesis of the var1 protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 908, 179-187.
    88. Hibbs, A.R. and S. Marzuki. 1986. An assessment of the ability of yeast cells to incorporate photolabile fatty acids into their membrane phospholipids in vivo. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 862, 445-450.
    89. Hadikusumo, R.G., P.J. Hertzog and S. Marzuki. 1986. Characterization of epitopes of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase complex recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 850, 33-40.
    90. Marzuki, S. and A.R. Hibbs. 1986. Are all mitochondrial translation products synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes? Biochim. Biophys. Acta 866, 120-124.
    91. Linnane, A.W., H.B. Lukins, P. Nagley, S. Marzuki, R.G. Hadikusumo, M.J.B. Jean-Francois, U.P. John, B.G. Ooi, L. Watkins, T.A. Willson, J. Wright and S. Meltzer. 1985. Assembly of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase: Correlative studies involving gene sequencing and immunochemical probes of assembly, pp. 211-222. In Quagliariello, E., E.C. Slater, F. Palmieri, C. Saccone and A.M. Kroon (eds.), Achievements and Perspectives in Mitochondrial Research: 1. Bioenergetics. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    92. Frazer, I.H., I.R. Mackay, T.W. Jordan, S. Whittingham and S. Marzuki. 1985. Reactivity of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: Definition of two novel mitochondrial polypeptide autoantigens. J. Immunol. 135, 1739-1745.
    93. Maheshwari, K.K. and S. Marzuki. 1985. Defective assembly of the mitochondrial ribosomes in yeast cells grown in the presence of mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 824, 273-283.
    94. Choo, W.M., R.G. Hadikusumo and S. Marzuki. 1985. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase in mit- mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defective subunit 6 of the enzyme complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 806, 290-304.
    95. Orian, J.M., R.G. Hadikusumo, S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1984. Biogenesis of mitochondria: Defective yeast H+-ATPase assembled in the absence of mitochondrial protein synthesis is membrane associated. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 16, 561-581.
    96. Hadikusumo, R.G., P.J. Hertzog and S. Marzuki. 1984. Monoclonal antibodies against subunits of yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 765, 258-267.
    97. Myers, W.D., K.T. Ng, S. Marzuki, R.D. Myers and G. Singer. 1984. Alteration of alcohol drinking in the rat by peripherally self-administered acetaldehyde. Alcohol 1, 229-236.
    98. Maheshwari, K.K. and S. Marzuki. 1984. The formation of a defective small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomes in petite mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 781, 153-164.
    99. Marzuki, S., R.G. Hadikusumo, W.M. Choo, L. Watkins, H.B. Lukins and A.W. Linnane. 1983. Monoclonal anti-H+-ATPase antibodies in the study of the assembly of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase, pp. 535-549. In Schweyen R.J., K. Wolf and F. Kaudewitz (eds.), Mitochondria 1983. Nuclear Cytoplasmic Interactions. De Gruyter, Berlin.
    100. Marzuki, S. and A.W. Linnane. 1983. Biosynthesis of the yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase complex, pp. 415-430. In Martonosi, A.N. (ed.), The Enzymes of Biological Membranes. Plenum Press, New York.
    101. Marzuki, S. and A.W. Linnane. 1982. Synthesis and assembly of subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATPase in yeast. Methods Enzymol. 97, 294-305.
    102. Macreadie, I.G., W.M. Choo, C.E. Novitski, S. Marzuki, P. Nagley, A.W. Linnane and H.B. Lukins. 1982. Novel mitochondrial mutations between the oli2 and oli3 genes affect the yeast mitochondrial ATPase. Biochem. Int. 5, 129-136.
    103. Maheshwari, KK.., S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1982. The formation of defective small ribosomal subunit in yeast mitochondria in the absence of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Biochem. Int. 4, 109-115.
    104. Stephenson, G., S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1981. Biogenesis of mitochondria. Defective assembly of the proteolipid into the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex in an oli2 mit- mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 636, 104-112.
    105. Marzuki, S., H. Roberts and A.W Linnane. 1981. Biosynthesis of the yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex: Contribution of the mitochondrial protein synthesizing system, pp. 491-499. In Martonosi, A.N. (ed.),Membranes and Transport, 1980, vol. 1. Plenum Press, New York.
    106. Orian, J.M. and S. Marzuki. 1981. The largest mitochondrial translation product co-purifying with the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not a subunit of the enzyme complex. J. Bacteriol. 146, 813-815.
    107. Stephenson, G., S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1981. Mit- mutations in the structural gene of subunit III of cytochrome oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 653, 416-422.
    108. Orian, J.M., M. Murphy and S. Marzuki. 1981. Mitochondrially synthesized protein subunits of the yeast mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase - A reassessment. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 652, 234-239.
    109. Linnane, A.W., A.M. Astin, M.W. Beilharz, C.G. Bingham, W.M. Choo, G.S. Cobon, S. Marzuki, P. Nagley and H. Roberts. 1980. Expression of the mitochondrial genome of yeast, pp. 253-263. In Kroon, A.M. and C. Saccone (eds.), The Organization and Expression of the Mitochondrial Genome. Elsevier-North Holland, Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
    110. Murphy, M., H. Roberts, W.M. Choo, I. Macreadie, S. Marzuki, H.B. Lukins and A.W. Linnane. 1980. Biogenesis of mitochondria. oli2 mutations affecting the coupling of oxidation to phosphorylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 592, 431-444.
    111. Stephenson, G., S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1980. Biogenesis of mitochondria. Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of mitochondrial translation products in yeast. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 609, 329-341.
    112. Marzuki, S. and A.W. Linnane. 1980. Mitochondrial biogenesis: In retrospect and prospect, pp. 55-64. In Koike, M., T. Nagatsu, J. Okuda and T. Ozawa (eds.), New Horizons in Biological Chemistry. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.
    113. Murphy, M., K.B. Choo, I. Macreadie, S. Marzuki, H.B. Lukins, P. Nagley and A.W. Linnane. 1980. Biogenesis of mitochondria. A temperature sensitivity mutation affecting the mitochondrially synthesized var1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 203, 260-270.
    114. Linnane, A.W., S. Marzuki, P. Nagley, H. Roberts, M.W. Beilharz, W.M. Choo, G.S. Cobon, M. Murphy and J.M. Orian. 1980. The yeast mitochondrial genome: A survey of recent developments, pp. 99-110. In Davies, D.R. and D.A. Hopwood (eds.), The Plant Genome. The John Innes Charity, Norwich, U.K.
    115. Robert, H., S.C. Smith, S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1980. Evidence that cytochrome b is the antimycin-binding component of the yeast mitochondrial cytochrome bcl complex. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 200, 387-395.
    116. Robert, H., W.M. Choo, M. Murphy, S. Marzuki, H.B. Lukins and A.W, Linnane. 1979. Mit- mutations in the oli2 region of mitochondrial DNA affecting the 20,000 dalton subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 108, 501-504.
    117. Linnane, A.W., A. Astin, S. Marzuki, M. Murphy and S.C. Smith. 1979. The influence of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes on the expression of mitochondrial DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pp. 249-267. In Cummings, D.J., P. Borst, I.B. David, S.M. Weissman and C.F. Fox (eds.), Extrachromosomal DNA. Academic Press, New York.
    118. Marzuki, S. and A.W. Linnane. 1979. Modification of yeast mitochondrial membrane by diet in specific mutants. Methods Enzymol. 56, 568-577.
    119. Murphy, M., S.J. Gutowski, S. Marzuki, H.B. Lukins and A.W. Linnane. 1978. Mitochondrial oligomycin-resistance mutations affecting the proteolipid subunit of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85, 1283-1290.
    120. Marzuki, S., A. Astin and A.W. Linnane. 1978. Mitochondrial mutants in the study of biogenesis of mitochondrial membranes, pp.127-139. In Yagi, K. (ed.), Structure and Function of Biomembranes. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo.
    121. Linnane, A.W., P. Nagley, R.M. Hall, S. Marzuki and M.K. Trembath. 1978. Molecular and genetic aspects of the expression of mitochondrial DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pp. 489-512. In Horecker, B.L. and M. Bacila (eds.), Biochemistry and Genetics of Yeast. Academic Press, New York.
    122. Roberts, H., W.M. Choo, S.C. Smith, S. Marzuki, A.W. Linnane, T.H. Porter and K. Folkers. 1978. The site of inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer by coenzyme Q analogues. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 191, 306-315.
    123. Linnane, A.W., S. Marzuki, G.S. Cobon and P.D. Crowfoot. 1976. Application of continuous culture in the study of mitochondrial membrane biogenesis in yeast, pp. 195-212. In Packer, L. and A. Gomez-Puyou (eds.), Mitochondria: Bioenergetics, Biogenesis and Membrane Structure. Academic Press, New York.
    124. Marzuki, S., G.S. Cobon, P.D. Crowfoot and A.W. Linnane. 1975. Biogenesis of mitochondria. The effects of membrane unsaturated fatty acid content on the activity and assembly of the yeast mitochondrial protein synthesizing system. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 169, 591-600.
    125. Marzuki, S., G.S. Cobon, J.M. Haslam and A.W. Linnane. 1975. Biogenesis of mitochondria. The effects of altered steady state membrane lipid composition on mitochondrial energy metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 169, 577-590.
    126. Hall, R.M., J.S. Mattick, S. Marzuki and A.W. Linnane. 1975. Evidence for a functional association of DNA synthesis with the membrane in mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2, 101-106.
    127. Marzuki, S., R.M. Hall and A.W. Linnane. 1974. Induction of respiratory incompetent mutants by unsaturated fatty acid depletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 57, 372-378.
    128. Linnane, A.W., G. Cobon and S. Marzuki. 1973. Aspects of the evolution of the mitochondrial protein synthesizing system and the effect of membrane structure on mitochondrial protein synthesis and mtDNA replication, pp. 349-367. In Soumalainen, H. and C. Waller (eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Specialized Symposium on Yeast, part II. Alko Foundation, Helsinki, Finland.
    129. Ward, K.A., S. Marzuki and J.M. Haslam. 1973. The control of gene expression by membrane organization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, pp. 105-116. In Polak, J.K. and J.W. Lee (eds.), The Biochemistry of Gene Expression in Higher Organisms. Australia and New Zealand Book Company, Sydney.

    http://www.eijkman.go.id/index.php/id/beritaacara/142-prof-dr-sangkot-marzuki.html

====================

Sangkot Marzuki: The brilliant professor behind Eijkman

Prodita Sabarini, The Jakarta Post, Jakarta | Thu, 02/04/2010 1:54 PM
A | A | A |

JP/Avril Holderness-RoddamJP/Avril Holderness-Roddam

One of the country's smartest people was once rejected by the prestigious Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB).

He went on to study medicine at the University of Indonesia and Thailand's Mahidol University; obtained a PhD from Monash University; and with his research team in Monash, discovered some groundbreaking science, to do with the mutations of the DNA in the mitochondria - one of the important factors in aging and other degenerative diseases.

Meet Professor Sangkot Marzuki, the man behind the prominent molecular biology Eijkman research Institute and chairman of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences.

"It seems like it was written in the sky," he said about his failure to enter ITB. At first, he did not want to study medicine.

"My mother and my grandmother were the ones who wanted me to become a doctor. I defied them and enrolled in ITB's Chemical Engineering," he said. "Maybe it's a parent's blessing I made it to UI's medical studies but not ITB," he said.

His interest in molecular biology surfaced during his studies at UI. After completing his PhD in Biochemistry at Monash in 1975, he settled in Melbourne as a lecturer and researcher in the same university, and continued to live an expatriate life down under for more than 20 years.

Monash awarded Sangkot a higher doctorate in 1998 in recognition of his Magnum Opus on human diseases caused by defective energy metabolism.

"I would still be living in Australia if it were not for Habibie," the 66-year-old said with a smile. In 1992, he returned to Indonesia after former research and technology minister, B.J. Habibie, asked him to lead the country's molecular biology research center.

Despite having returned to Indonesia, Sangkot's still feels strongly connected to Australia. On Jan. 26, 2010, the Commonwealth of Australia made him an honorary member of the order of Australia, the highest recognition for outstanding achievement and service, joining Hartarto Sastrosoenarto, Ali Alatas, Frans Seda and I Made Pastika. Last year, the Indonesian government awarded Sangkot with the Bintang Mahaputra Republik Indonesia.

At the award ceremony on Australia Day, Australian Ambassador to Indonesia Bill Farmer said Sangkot was an outstanding individual and important conduit for links between Australian and Indonesian medical research communities.

Sitting in his rustic office in the historical Eijkman Institute building, Sangkot recounted the story of his return to Indonesia.

On a fateful day in August 1990, he was standing next to a fax machine in the department in Monash University, when the machine made a beeping sound. Back then, fax machines were still a novelty, he said.

"I saw the fax had a Garuda on it," he said, referring to Indonesia's coat of arms, the Garuda Pancasila. Apparently the fax was from Habibie, asking Sangkot whether the former would be able to persuade him to return to Indonesia.

Sangkot's reply to Habibie was: "If it is just about coming back to work in Indonesia, then I would be contributing more to Indonesia by staying at Monash - as at that time I was supervising two PhD students from Indonesia - but if Pak Habibie is interested in something bigger, like opening a molecular biology research like Singapore's IMCB, then I will come home," he said.

Little did Sangkot know that a month prior to sending the fax, Habibie had visited Singapore's Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) and was thinking along the same lines.

Sangkot then returned to Indonesia to discuss the plan with Habibie.

"Habibie knew I had been living abroad for more than 25 years, so he told me to attend the August 17th Independence Day service at the Presidential Palace first before meeting him," he said with a laugh.

His two children, born and raised in Australia, continue to live in the land down under as they have already integrated into the society there. "We had no plans of returning back then, for them it's home," he said.

During his conversations with Habibie, Sangkot proposed to re-activate the Eijkman Institute, which Habibie promptly agreed to.

The current building housing the Eijkman Institute was built under the Dutch colonial rule in 1888 as a laboratory for bacteriology and pathology, after the Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman found a relationship between the beriberi disease and vitamin deficiency. Eijkman received a Nobel prize for his work.

But in 1965, the prevailing political turmoil interrupted the activities of the institute.

When Sangkot returned to Indonesia in 1992, the Eijkman building was in bad condition and was about to be demolished to make room for a new one.

The professor came to Indonesia without any staff or laboratories. He recruited his PhD students as scientists, and bought equipment. He then proceeded to invite his former PhD students from around Southeast Asia to help carry out research for the Eijkman institute.

Some of his friends from Australia told him that he was crazy for leaving a prestigious and a secure position in Melbourne university to start the Eijkman from scratch, he said.

One man, however, understood why he did it, he remarked. The Australian research biologist Sir Gustav Nossal visited the Eijkman institute in its early establishment. "He understood where we wanted to go from here and asked: *What can I do for you?'" Sangkot said.

Others might have asked for funding for scholarships and fellowships, but Sangkot wanted something different. "I asked him to find me funds to pay six Australian scientists to work here for three years."

Thus started the AIMRI, the Australia/Indonesia Medical Research Initiative. The program worked well until the financial and political crisis in 1998, Sangkot said.

In 1995, less than three years after Sangkot took the helm of Eijkman Institute, 75 scientists were already doing research there.

After the crisis however, the number of scientists had to be cut. With the change in government at that time, future technology was no longer a priority, he said.

Only after the 2004 bombings outside the Australian Embassy did people start to realize the importance of the Eijkman Institute. The scientists there carried out a DNA analysis to identify the bombers. The bomb was so massive that only small tissue pieces of the suicide bomber could be recovered, preventing the use of conventional methods of identification.

As the president of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI), Sangkot believes Indonesia's research and development capability will improve over time. There will be more international collaboration in the field of research, especially with America.

In a gathering of around 800 AIPI scientists in January, American Ambassador for Indonesia Cameron Hume read out President Barack Obama's speech highlighting the US increased bilateral cooperation with Indonesia in science education, energy and climate change.

President Susilo Bambang Yu-dhoyono - in his own speech - reinforced his support for the development of science and technology in Indonesia, pledging Rp 1.9 trillion for research and development, almost double 2005's Rp 1 trillion.

"Hopefully, this will bring something good," he said.

http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/02/04/sangkot-marzuki-the-brilliant-professor-behind-eijkman.html



Diposting oleh di Tidak ada komentar:
Langganan: Postingan (Atom)