Kamis, 17 November 2011

Nobel Fisika 2011



Press Release

4 October 2011

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2011

with one half to

Saul Perlmutter
The Supernova Cosmology Project
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California,
Berkeley, CA, USA

and the other half jointly to

Brian P. Schmidt
The High-z Supernova Search Team
Australian National University,
Weston Creek, Australia

and

Adam G. Riess
The High-z Supernova Search Team
Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute,
Baltimore, MD, USA

"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"

Written in the stars

"Some say the world will end in fire, some say in ice..." *
What will be the final destiny of the Universe? Probably it will end in ice, if we are to believe this year's Nobel Laureates in Physics. They have studied several dozen exploding stars, called supernovae, and discovered that the Universe is expanding at an ever-accelerating rate. The discovery came as a complete surprise even to the Laureates themselves.

In 1998, cosmology was shaken at its foundations as two research teams presented their findings. Headed by Saul Perlmutter, one of the teams had set to work in 1988. Brian Schmidt headed another team, launched at the end of 1994, where Adam Riess was to play a crucial role.

The research teams raced to map the Universe by locating the most distant supernovae. More sophisticated telescopes on the ground and in space, as well as more powerful computers and new digital imaging sensors (CCD, Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009), opened the possibility in the 1990s to add more pieces to the cosmological puzzle.

The teams used a particular kind of supernova, called type Ia supernova. It is an explosion of an old compact star that is as heavy as the Sun but as small as the Earth. A single such supernova can emit as much light as a whole galaxy. All in all, the two research teams found over 50 distant supernovae whose light was weaker than expected - this was a sign that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating. The potential pitfalls had been numerous, and the scientists found reassurance in the fact that both groups had reached the same astonishing conclusion.

For almost a century, the Universe has been known to be expanding as a consequence of the Big Bang about 14 billion years ago. However, the discovery that this expansion is accelerating is astounding. If the expansion will continue to speed up the Universe will end in ice.

The acceleration is thought to be driven by dark energy, but what that dark energy is remains an enigma - perhaps the greatest in physics today. What is known is that dark energy constitutes about three quarters of the Universe. Therefore the findings of the 2011 Nobel Laureates in Physics have helped to unveil a Universe that to a large extent is unknown to science. And everything is possible again.

Read more about this year's prize
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Links and Further Reading



Saul Perlmutter, U.S. citizen. Born 1959 in Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA. Ph.D. 1986 from University of California, Berkeley, USA. Head of the Supernova Cosmology Project, Professor of Astrophysics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/faculty/perlmutter.html

Brian P. Schmidt, U.S. and Australian citizen. Born 1967 in Missoula, MT, USA. Ph.D. 1993 from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Head of the High-z Supernova Search Team, Distinguished Professor, Australian National University, Weston Creek, Australia.
msowww.anu.edu.au/~brian/

Adam G. Riess, U.S. citizen. Born 1969 in Washington, DC, USA. Ph.D. 1996 from Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. Professor of Astronomy and Physics, Johns Hopkins University and Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
www.stsci.edu/~ariess/

Prize amount: SEK 10 million, with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half to be shared equally between Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess.

Contact persons: Erik Huss, Press Officer, Phone +46 8 673 95 44, mobile +46 70 673 96 50, erik.huss@kva.se
Annika Moberg, Editor, Phone +46 8 673 95 22, Mobile +46 70 673 96 90, annika.moberg@kva.se

* Robert Frost, Fire and Ice, 1920

http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/press.htmlTautan

============

Research Interests

As with most physicists, my research is primarily motivated by questions of what our universe is made of and how it works, and I have been approaching these questions using astrophysics measurements. Our work with supernovae, which was intended to measure the deceleration of the universe’s expansion due to gravity (in other words, we were “weighing the universe”), turned out to see an acceleration. This unexpected result suggests that most of the universe may be primarily (~75%) made of a previously unknown energy -- now called “dark energy” -- that is accelerating the expansion.

This dark energy is a new mystery, raising many new questions: What is the physics behind it? Is it vacuum energy? Does it behave as Einstein’s cosmological constant or has it been evolving with redshift?

I think we have an excellent chance to make progress on answering these fundamental questions in the next few years. We are aggressively extending our research with SNe in several programs that range from the nearby universe to the most distant observable SNe. In addition, we are also exploring complementary astrophysical techniques. For example, weak lensing, a technique that is rapidly maturing, allows us to measure the growth of structure in the universe, and infer properties of dark energy (as well as dark matter). Another direction we are pursuing is baryon acoustic oscillations, which lets us tie the perturbations of the CMB to the low redshift universe.

It is too soon to know what these methods will reveal about dark energy. It might turn out to be something completely unexpected – and this would be even more exciting.

Current Projects

The Supernova Cosmology Project

The Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) studies type Ia supernovae at high redshift to map out the expansion history of the universe and measure cosmological parameters and the dark energy’s equation of state. For example, our most recent survey is a very large observing program using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to discover and follow SNe in high redshift (z > 1) galaxy clusters. The SNe are discovered in the HST data, and we study their spectra using the largest ground-based observatories (Keck, VLT, Subaru) to determine the supernova type and redshift. Study of SNe in different galactic environments (e.g. in elliptical galaxies in clusters compared to spiral galaxies) can give us a handle on different systematic effects, such as extinction by dust. Another very active program that we are working on is the French-Canadian SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS), a large statistics study of intermediate redshift SNe discovered with the CFHT observatory on Mauna Kea. For further study of these supernovae, we have a large spectroscopic program in progress using the Keck and Gemini Telescopes.

The Nearby Supernova Factory

The Nearby Supernova Factory (SNfactory) is an ambitious project that aims to discover and obtain lightcurve spectrophotometry for a large sample of Type Ia supernovae in relatively nearby supernovae (but just far enough into the Hubble flow that their redshifts directly tells us their relative distances). This is a key distance range for the cosmological measurements, which has up to now been very sparsely studied. This project has two scientific goals. The first is for cosmology: we will use this large, well-calibrated sample of Type Ia supernovae to significantly improve the low-redshift portion of the redshift-luminosity diagram. This will provide a crucial improvement in the statistical accuracy attainable by current high-redshift supernova cosmology programs such as SNLS (see above) and the future programs such as SNAP (see below). The second goal is use this rich dataset to explore the features of type Ia supernovae in detail to search for parameters that can further improve the capabilities of SNe Ia as cosmological measurement tools. The SNFactory is now in operation, continually adding SNe discoveries and their detailed spectra to our dataset.

SNAP (SuperNova/Acceleration Probe) Satellite Project

Our most ambitious project is SNAP, a proposed new space telescope designed specifically to obtain the exquisitely precise measurements needed to study the properties of dark energy. We are designing SNAP as a ~2-meter telescope with a field of view hundreds of times larger than that of the current Hubble Space Telescope. This project involved extensive instrumentation development. For example, it will have a unique large-format camera with CCD detectors that we have developed in our labs to have excellent response over a very wide wavelength range, and resistance to radiation damage due to cosmic rays in space. It will provide measurements with unprecedented accuracy of thousands of SNe out to very high redshift. In addition, the wide field of view and multiple filters will make it the instrument of choice for large weak-lensing surveys. It is expected to yield the extremely sensitive measurements required to look for a possible evolution of dark energy with redshift.

BOSS (Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey) at the SDSS Telescope
Working with my colleagues at LBNL, our group members are also involved in the newest approach to dark energy measurements, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO). By studying the clustering of nearby galaxies we can detect the imprint of the sound waves that were “frozen in” as the cosmic plasma of the early Universe cooled – the same acoustic phenomena that produced the anisotropies we see in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Moreover, by comparing the structure in the CMB with that seen in the distribution of galaxies in the nearer universe, we obtain a measurement of the properties of dark energy that is independent of the one made using supernovae. Our LBNL groups are developing the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), a dramatic step forward in BAO dark energy measurements. The survey is designed to obtain spectra of 1.5 million galaxies at z<0.7 and 160,000 quasars for the BAO signal at much higher redshifts. On the instrumentation side, we are upgrading the spectrographs with our red-sensitive CCDs and, on the theory side, we are working on large scale numerical simulations of the distribution of matter (and galaxies).

Selected Publications

The Supernova Legacy Survey: ΩM, ΩΛ, and w from the First Year Data Set, P. Astier, et al., Astronomy and Astrophysics, 447,31 (2006)

New Constraints on ΩM, ΩΛ, and w from an Independent Set of Eleven High-Redshift Supernovae Observed with HST, R. A. Knop et al, (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Astrophysical Journal, 598,102, (2003)

Measuring Cosmology with Supernovae, Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt, Supernovae & Gamma Ray Bursts, K. Weiler, Ed., Springer, Lecture Notes in Physics, astro-ph/0303428.

Supernovae, Dark Energy, and the Accelerating Universe, S. Perlmutter, Physics Today, April 2003

The Hubble Diagram of Type Ia Supernovae as a Function of Host Galaxy Morphology, M. Sullivan, et al., (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 340, 1057 (2003)

Overview of the SuperNova/Acceleration Probe (SNAP), G. Aldering, et al., (The SNAP Collaboration), in Future Research Direction and Visions for Astronomy. A. M. Dressler, ed., Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 4835, 146 (2002)

The distant Type Ia supernova rate, R. Pain, et al., (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Astrophysical Journal, 577, 120 (2002).

Measurements of the cosmological parameters ƒ¶ and Λ from 42 high-redshift supernovae. S. Perlmutter et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Astrophysical Journal, 517, 565 (1999).

Constraining dark energy with SN Ia and large-scale structure. S. Perlmutter, M.S. Turner, and M. White, Physical Review Letters, 83, 670 (1999)

The Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the state of the universe. N.A. Bahcall, J.P. Ostriker, S. Perlmutter, and P.J. Steinhardt, Science, 284, 1481, (1999)

Discovery of a supernova explosion at half the age of the universe and its cosmological implications. S. Perlmutter et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Nature, 391, 51 (1998).

A Type Ia supernova at z = 0.457. S. Perlmutter et al. (The Supernova Cosmology Project), Astrophysical Journal Letters, 440, L41 (1995).


http://www.physics.berkeley.edu/research/faculty/perlmutter.html

===============

Brian Schmidt is a Laureate Fellow at The Australian National University's
Mount Stromlo Observatory. Brian was raised in Montana and Alaska, USA,
and received undergraduate degrees in Physics and Astronomy from the
University of Arizona in 1989. Under the supervision of Robert Kirshner, he
completed his Astronomy Master's degree (1992) and PhD (1993) from Harvard
University. In 1994 he and Nick Suntzeff formed the HighZ
SN Search team,
a group of 20 astronomers on 5 continents who used distant exploding stars
to trace the expansion of the Universe back in time. This group's discovery of
an accelerating Universe was named Science Magazine's Breakthrough of the
Year for 1998. Brian Schmidt joined the staff of the Australian National
University in 1995, and was awarded the Australian Government's
inaugural Malcolm McIntosh award for achievement in the Physical Sciences
in 2000, The Australian Academy of Sciences Pawsey Medal in 2001, the
Astronomical Society of India's Vainu Bappu Medal in 2002, and an Australian
Research Council Federation Fellowship in 2005. In 2006 Schmidt was jointly
awarded the US$1M Shaw Prize for Astronomy, and shared the US$0.5M 2007
Gruber Prize for Cosmology with his High-Z SN Search Team colleagues. In 2008
he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the
United States National Academy, and Foreign Member of the Spanish Royal
Academy of Sciences. His work on the accelerating universe was awarded the
2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Adam Riess and Saul Perlmutter. Brian
is continuing his work using exploding stars to study the Universe, and is
leading Mt Stromlo’s effort to build the SkyMapper telescope, a new facility that
will provide a comprehensive digital map of the southern sky from ultraviolet
through near infrared wavelengths.

Curriculum Vitae


Brian P. Schmidt FAA NAS RACEFyN
Address: The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Mount Stromlo Observatory
via Cotter Road
Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia
Birthdate: 24 February 1967, Missoula Montana USA
Citizenship: United States of America and Australia
Telephone: 61 (0)2 6125 8042 Mobile: +61 408 38 3365
Fax: 61 (0)2 6125 0260 email: brian@mso.anu.edu.au
Academic Qualifications:
1993: Ph.D. in Astronomy, Harvard University
1992: A.M. in Astronomy, Harvard University
1989: B.S. in Physics, University of Arizona
1989: B.S. in Astronomy, University of Arizona
PhD thesis: Type II Supernovae, Expanding Photospheres, and the Extragalactic
Distance Scale – Supervisor: Robert P. Kirshner
Research Interests and Current Projects:
Observational Cosmology, Studies of Supernovae, Gamma Ray Bursts, Large Surveys,
Photometry and Calibration
Scientific Leader: SkyMapper Telescope and Southern Sky Survey
Theme Leader and Executive Member: ARC Center of Excellence CAASTRO
Academic Awards and Distinctions:
2011 Nobel Prize in Physics (jointly with Adam Riess and Saul Perlmutter)
2011 Rossi Lectures, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze
2010 Peter Baume Award, The Australian National University
2008 Elected Foreign Member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
2008 Elected Fellow of the US National Academy of Sciences
2008 Elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Sciences
2008 ISI Most Cited Australian in Space Sciences 1997-2007
2008 Sackler Lecture, Princeton University
2007 Gruber Prize for Cosmology (jointly with High-Z and SCP Teams)
2007 Niels Bohr Lecture, Copenhagen
2007 Gurevitch Lecture, Portland State University
2006 Shaw Prize (Astronomy – jointly with Riess and Perlmutter)
2005 Marc Aaronson Memorial Lecturer
2004 Bulletin Magazine’s Scientist of the Year
2004 Australian Academy of Science 50th Anniversary Lecture
2004 Dean’s Lecture, University of Western Australia
2002 Vainu Bappu Medal of the Astronomical Society of India
2001 Oliphant Lecture (Inaugural), Australian Academy of Sciences
2001 Burbidge Lecture, Auckland Astronomical Society
2001 Harley Wood Lecture, Astronomical Society of Australia
2001 The Australian Academy of Science Pawsey Medal
2000 The Australian Government’s Malcolm McIntosh Prize (Inaugural)
2000 Bok Prize for outstanding Astronomical Thesis, Harvard

Publications of Brian P. Schmidt
(Last updated November, 2010)


1. Milne, Peter A., Brown, Peter J., Roming, Peter W. A., Holland, Stephen T., Immler, Stefan, Filippenko, Alexei
V., Ganeshalingam, Mohan, Li, Weidong, Stritzinger, Maximilian, Phillips, Mark M., Hicken, Malcolm, Kirshner,
Robert P., Challis, Peter J., Mazzali, Paolo, Schmidt, Brian P., Bufano, Filomena, Gehrels, Neil, Vanden Berk,
Daniel , 2010, ApJ, 721, 1627 "Near-ultraviolet Properties of a Large Sample of Type Ia Supernovae as
Observed with the Swift UVOT"
2. Lawrence, J. S., Ashley, M. C. B., Bailey, J., Barrado y Navascues, D., Bedding, T. R., Bland-Hawthorn, J.,
Bond, I., Boulanger, F., Bouwens, R., Bruntt, H., Bunker, A., Burgarella, D., Burton, M. G., Busso, M., Coward,
D., Cioni, M.-R., Durand, G., Eiroa, C., Epchtein, N., Gehrels, N., Gillingham, P., Glazebrook, K., Haynes, R.,
Kiss, L., Lagage, P. O., Le Bertre, T., Mackay, C., Maillard, J. P., McGrath, A., Minier, V., Mora, A., Olsen, K.,
Persi, P., Pimbblet, K., Quimby, R., Saunders, W., Schmidt, B., Stello, D., Storey, J. W. V., Tinney, C., Tremblin,
P., Wheeler, J. C., Yock, P., 2009, PASA, 26, 379 "The Science Case for PILOT I: Summary and Overview"
3. Tanvir, N. R., Fox, D. B., Levan, A. J., Berger, E., Wiersema, K., Fynbo, J. P. U., Cucchiara, A., Kr?hler, T.,
Gehrels, N., Bloom, J. S., Greiner, J., Evans, P. A., Rol, E., Olivares, F., Hjorth, J., Jakobsson, P., Farihi, J.,
Willingale, R., Starling, R. L. C., Cenko, S. B., Perley, D., Maund, J. R., Duke, J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Adamson,
A. J., Allan, A., Bremer, M. N., Burrows, D. N., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cavanagh, B., de Ugarte Postigo, A., Dopita,
M. A., Fatkhullin, T. A., Fruchter, A. S., Foley, R. J., Gorosabel, J., Kennea, J., Kerr, T., Klose, S., Krimm, H. A.,
Komarova, V. N., Kulkarni, S. R., Moskvitin, A. S., Mundell, C. G., Naylor, T., Page, K., Penprase, B. E., Perri, M.,
Podsiadlowski, P., Roth, K., Rutledge, R. E., Sakamoto, T., Schady, P., Schmidt, B. P., Soderberg, A. M.,
Sollerman, J., Stephens, A. W., Stratta, G., Ukwatta, T. N., Watson, D., Westra, E., Wold, T., Wolf, C., 2009,
Natur, 461, 1254 "A gamma-ray burst at a redshift of z~8.2"
4. Leloudas, G., Stritzinger, M. D., Sollerman, J., Burns, C. R., Kozma, C., Krisciunas, K., Maund, J. R., Milne, P.,
Filippenko, A. V., Fransson, C., Ganeshalingam, M., Hamuy, M., Li, W., Phillips, M. M., Schmidt, B. P., Skottfelt,
J., Taubenberger, S., Boldt, L., Fynbo, J. P. U., Gonzalez, L., Salvo, M., Thomas-Osip, J., 2009, A&A, 505, 265
"The normal Type Ia SN 2003hv out to very late phases"
5. Lah, Philip, Pracy, Michael B., Chengalur, Jayaram N., Briggs, Frank H., Colless, Matthew, de Propris,
Roberto, Ferris, Shaun, Schmidt, Brian P., Tucker, Bradley E., 2009, MNRAS, 399, 1447 "The HI gas content
of galaxies around Abell 370, a galaxy cluster at z = 0.37"
6. Kerzendorf, Wolfgang E., Schmidt, Brian P., Asplund, M., Nomoto, Ken'ichi, Podsiadlowski, Ph., Frebel, Anna,
Fesen, Robert A., Yong, David, 2009, ApJ, 701, 1665 "Subaru High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Star G in the
Tycho Supernova Remnant"
7. Foley, R. J., Matheson, T., Blondin, S., Chornock, R., Silverman, J. M., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Filippenko, A.
V., Kirshner, R. P., Leibundgut, B., Sollerman, J., Spyromilio, J., Tonry, J. L., Davis, T. M., Garnavich, P. M., Jha,
S. W., Krisciunas, K., Li, W., Pignata, G., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Schmidt, B. P., Smith, R. C., Stubbs, C. W.,
Tucker, B. E., Wood-Vasey, W. M., 2009, AJ, 137, 3731 "Spectroscopy of High-Redshift Supernovae from the
Essence Project: The First Four Years"
8. Johnston, S., Taylor, R., Bailes, M., Bartel, N., Baugh, C., Bietenholz, M., Blake, C., Braun, R., Brown, J.,
Chatterjee, S., Darling, J., Deller, A., Dodson, R., Edwards, P., Ekers, R., Ellingsen, S., Feain, I., Gaensler, B.,
Haverkorn, M., Hobbs, G., Hopkins, A., Jackson, C., James, C., Joncas, G., Kaspi, V., Kilborn, V., Koribalski, B.,
Kothes, R., Landecker, T., Lenc, A., Lovell, J., Macquart, J.-P., Manchester, R., Matthews, D., McClure-Griffiths,
N., Norris, R., Pen, U.-L., Phillips, C., Power, C., Protheroe, R., Sadler, E., Schmidt, B., Stairs, I., Staveley-Smith,
L., Stil, J., Tingay, S., Tzioumis, A., Walker, M., Wall, J., Wolleben, M., 2008, ExA, 22, 151 "Science with
ASKAP. The Australian square-kilometre-array pathfinder"
9. Foley, Ryan J., Filippenko, Alexei V., Aguilera, C., Becker, A. C., Blondin, S., Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A.,
Covarrubias, R., Davis, T. M., Garnavich, P. M., Jha, S. W., Kirshner, R. P., Krisciunas, K., Leibundgut, B., Li,
W., Matheson, T., Miceli, A., Miknaitis, G., Pignata, G., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Schmidt, B. P., Smith, R. C.,
Sollerman, J., Spyromilio, J., Stubbs, C. W., Suntzeff, N. B., Tonry, J. L., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Zenteno, A., 2008,
ApJ, 684, 68 "Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae"
10. Pignata, G., Benetti, S., Mazzali, P. A., Kotak, R., Patat, F., Meikle, P., Stehle, M., Leibundgut, B., Suntzeff, N. B.,
Buson, L. M., Cappellaro, E., Clocchiatti, A., Hamuy, M., Maza, J., Mendez, J., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Salvo, M.,
Schmidt, B. P., Turatto, M., Hillebrandt, W., 2008, MNRAS, 388, 971 "Optical and infrared observations of SN
2002dj: some possible common properties of fast-expanding Type Ia supernovae"
11. Chandra, Poonam, Cenko, S. Bradley, Frail, Dale A., Chevalier, Roger A., Macquart, Jean-Pierre, Kulkarni,
Shri R., Bock, Douglas C.-J., Bertoldi, Frank, Kasliwal, Mansi, Fox, Derek B., Price, Paul A., Berger, Edo,
Soderberg, Alicia M., Harrison, Fiona A., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Ofek, Eran O., Rau, Arne, Schmidt, Brian P.,
Cameron, P. Brian, Cowie, Lennox L., Cowie, Antoinette, Roth, Katherine C., Dopita, Michael, Peterson, Bruce,
Penprase, Bryan E. , 2008, ApJ, 683, 924 "A Comprehensive Study of GRB 070125, A Most Energetic
Gamma-Ray Burst"
12. Blondin, S., Davis, T. M., Krisciunas, K., Schmidt, B. P., Sollerman, J., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Becker, A. C.,
Challis, P., Clocchiatti, A., Damke, G., Filippenko, A. V., Foley, R. J., Garnavich, P. M., Jha, S. W., Kirshner, R.
P., Leibundgut, B., Li, W., Matheson, T., Miknaitis, G., Narayan, G., Pignata, G., Rest, A., Riess, A. G.,
Silverman, J. M., Smith, R. C., Spyromilio, J., Stritzinger, M., Stubbs, C. W., Suntzeff, N. B., Tonry, J. L., Tucker,
B. E., Zenteno, A., 2008, ApJ, 682, 724 "Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift"
13. Becker, A. C., Arraki, K., Kaib, N. A., Wood-Vasey, W. M., Aguilera, C., Blackman, J. W., Blondin, S., Challis, P.,
Clocchiatti, A., Covarrubias, R., Damke, G., Davis, T. M., Filippenko, A. V., Foley, R. J., Garg, A., Garnavich, P.
M., Hicken, M., Jha, S., Kirshner, R. P., Krisciunas, K., Leibundgut, B., Li, W., Matheson, T., Miceli, A., Miknaitis,
G., Narayan, G., Pignata, G., Prieto, J. L., Rest, A., Riess, A. G., Salvo, M. E., Schmidt, B. P., Smith, R. C.,
Sollerman, J., Spyromilio, J., Stubbs, C. W., Suntzeff, N. B., Tonry, J. L., Zenteno, A., 2008, ApJL, 682, 53
"Exploring the Outer Solar System with the ESSENCE Supernova Survey"
14. Keller, Stefan C., Murphy, Simon, Prior, Sayuri, DaCosta, Gary, Schmidt, Brian , 2008, ApJ, 678, 851
"Revealing Substructure in the Galactic Halo: The SEKBO RR Lyrae Survey"
15. Cenko, S. Bradley, Fox, Derek B., Penprase, Brian E., Cucchiara, Antonio, Price, Paul A., Berger, Edo,
Kulkarni, Shri R., Harrison, Fiona A., Gal-Yam, Avishay, Ofek, Eran O., Rau, Arne, Chandra, Poonam, Frail,
Dale A., Kasliwal, Mansi M., Schmidt, Brian P., Soderberg, Alicia M., Cameron, P. Brian, Roth, Kathy C., 2008,
ApJ, 677, 441 "GRB 070125: The First Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst in a Halo Environment"
16. Valenti, S., Benetti, S., Cappellaro, E., Patat, F., Mazzali, P., Turatto, M., Hurley, K., Maeda, K., Gal-Yam, A.,
Foley, R. J., Filippenko, A. V., Pastorello, A., Challis, P., Frontera, F., Harutyunyan, A., Iye, M., Kawabata, K.,
Kirshner, R. P., Li, W., Lipkin, Y. M., Matheson, T., Nomoto, K., Ofek, E. O., Ohyama, Y., Pian, E., Poznanski, D.,
Salvo, M., Sauer, D. N., Schmidt, B. P., Soderberg, A., Zampieri, L. , 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1485 "The broadlined
Type Ic supernova 2003jd"
17. Johnston, S., Bailes, M., Bartel, N., Baugh, C., Bietenholz, M., Blake, C., Braun, R., Brown, J.,
Chatterjee, S., Darling, J., Deller, A., Dodson, R., Edwards, P. G., Ekers, R., Ellingsen, S., Feain, I.,
Gaensler, B. M., Haverkorn, M., Hobbs, G., Hopkins, A., Jackson, C., James, C., Joncas, G., Kaspi,
V., Kilborn, V., Koribalski, B., Kothes, R., Landecker, T. L., Lenc, E., Lovell, J., Macquart, J.-P.,
Manchester, R., Matthews, D., McClure-Griffiths, N. M., Norris, R., Pen, U.-L., Phillips, C., Power, C.,
Protheroe, R., Sadler, E., Schmidt, B., Stairs, I., Staveley-Smith, L., Stil, J., Taylor, R., Tingay, S.,
Tzioumis, A., Walker, M., Wall, J., Wolleben, M. , 2007, PASA, 24, 174 "Science with the Australian
Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder"
18. Fryer, Chris L., Mazzali, Paolo A., Prochaska, Jason, Cappellaro, Enrico, Panaitescu, Alin, Berger,
Edo, van Putten, Maurice, van den Heuvel, Ed P. J., Young, Patrick, Hungerford, Aimee, Rockefeller,
Gabriel, Yoon, Sung-Chul, Podsiadlowski, Philipp, Nomoto, Ken'ichi, Chevalier, Roger, Schmidt,
Brian, Kulkarni, Shri, 2007, PASP, 119, 1211 "Constraints on Type Ib/c Supernovae and Gamma-
Ray Burst Progenitors"
19. Altavilla, G., Stehle, M., Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Mazzali, P., Pignata, G., Balastegui, A., Benetti, S., Blanc,
G., Canal, R., Elias-Rosa, N., Goobar, A., Harutyunyan, A., Pastorello, A., Patat, F., Rich, J., Salvo,
M., Schmidt, B. P., Stanishev, V., Taubenberger, S., Turatto, M., Hillebrandt, W., 2007, A&A, 475,
585 "The early spectral evolution of SN 2004dt"
20. Wyithe, J. Stuart B., Loeb, Abraham, Schmidt, Brian P., 2007, MNRAS, 380, 1087 "The correlation
between star formation and 21-cm emission during the reionization epoch"
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http://msowww.anu.edu.au/~brian/

==========

r. Adam G. Riess is a Professor of Astronomy and Physics at the Johns Hopkins University and a Senior member of the Science Staff at the Space Telescope Science Institute, both in Baltimore, MD.

His research involves measurements of the cosmological framework with supernovae (exploding stars) and Cepheids (pulsating stars).

In 1998 Dr. Riess led a study for the High-z Team which provided the first direct and published evidence that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating and filled with Dark Energy (Riess et al. 1998, AJ, 116, 1009), a result which, together with the Supernova Cosmology Project's result, was called the Breakthrough Discovery of the Year by Science Magazine in 1998.

On the ten year anniversary of this discovery, Symmetry Magazine reprinted the key page from his lab notebook showing the first indication, here, that the expansion of the Universe was accelerating.

He followed this work with a number of studies to test the susceptibility of this measurement to contamination by unexpected types of dust or evolution. To this aim, Dr. Riess led the Hubble Higher-z Team beginning in 2002 to find 25 of the most distant supernovae known with the Hubble Space Telescope, all at redshift greater than 1. This work culminated in the first highly significant detection of the preceding, decelerating epoch of the Universe and helped to confirm the reality of acceleration by disfavoring alternative, astrophysically-motivated explanations for the faintness of supernovae (Riess et al. 2004, ApJ, 607, 655).

This work also began characterizing the time-dependent nature of dark energy. It has been identified by NASA as the #1 Achievement of the Hubble Space Telescope to date (see article).

Curriculum Vitae–Adam Guy Riess


Office
Johns Hopkins University
3400 North Charles Street
Baltimore, MD 21218
(410) 516-4474
ariess@stsci.edu
Education
Harvard University, Ph.D., Astrophysics, 1996
Harvard University, A.M., Astrophysics, 1994
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, B.S, Physics, Minor in History 1992
Positions Held
Johns Hopkins University, Professor of Physics and Astronomy, 2006
Space Telescope Science Institute, Assistant Astronomer 1999, Full Astronomer 2004
U.C. Berkeley, Miller Fellow, 1996-1999
Harvard University, Doctoral Student, 1992-1996
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Research Associate, Summer 1992
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Undergraduate Research Assistant, 1990-1992
Honors and Awards– Recognition by Peers
Einstein Medal, 2011
Gilman Scholor, Johns Hopkins University, 2011
Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate, 2010
National Academy of Sciences, 2009
MacArthur Fellow, 2008
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2008
Kavli Frontier of Science Fellow, 2007
Gruber Prize in Cosmology, 2007
Shaw Prize, Hong Kong, 2006
Townes Prize in Cosmology, UC Berkeley, 2005
Raymond and Beverly Sackler Prize, Tel-Aviv University, 2004
International Academy of Astronautics, Laurels for Achievement Award, 2004
Helen B. Warner Prize, American Astronomical Society, 2003
Bok Prize, Harvard University, 2001
AURA Science Award, 2000
STScI Science Merit Award, 2000, 2001
Trumpler Award, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1999
Harvard GSAS Merit Fellow, 1995
Harvard Distinction in Teaching Award, 1994
Margaret Weyerhaeuser Jewett Memorial Fellowship, 1993
Phi Beta Kappa at MIT, GPA: 4.94/5.00
Honors and Awards– Public Recognition
Discover Magazine “Twenty under 40”, 2008
Esquire Magazine “Best and Brightest” Award, 2003
Discover Magazine Innovator Award, Finalist, 2003
Time Magazine Innovator Award, 2000
Science Magazine’s Research “Breakthrough of the Year”, 1998
Supervised Students and Postdocs
Dr. Steve Rodney, Postdoctoral Fellow, JHU, 2010-present
Mr. Dan Scolnic, Graduate Student, JHU, 2007-present
Dr. Mark Huber, Postdoctoral Fellow, JHU, 2007-present
Dr. Andre Martel, Postdoctoral Fellow, JHU, 2006-present
Miss. Bridget Faulk, Graduate Student, JHU, 2006-present
Dr. Joao Souza, Postdoctoral Fellow, STScI, 2005-present
Dr. Hubert Lampeitl, Postdoctoral Fellow, STScI, 2005-present
Dr. Louis Strolger, Postdoctoral Fellow, STScI, 2002-2005
Mr. Josh Younger, Undergraduate Research Assistant, STScI, 2005
Mr. Chris Carpenter, Undergraduate Research Assistant, Harvard, 1996
Teaching, Communication, Service
Johns Hopkins University, taught Physics 171.118, Spring 2008, 2009,2010,2011
Johns Hopkins University, taught Physics 171.112, Spring 2007
Scientific American Magazine, “From Slowdown to Speedup”, by A. G. Riess and M. S.
Turner, February 2004
Decadal Survey Program Prioritization Panel, 2009
Johns Hopkins Astrophysics Faculty Search, Chair 2009
Johns Hopkins Discovery Working Group, co-chair, 2008
The Universe, NHK Japan, 2010
400 Years of The Telescope, NPR 2008
Hubbles Amazing Universe, National Geographic 2008
“Scientific American Frontiers”, Guest, PBS, 2004
“60 Minutes”, Guest, CBS, 2003
“Science Friday”, Guest, NPR, 2001
“NOVA”, Guest, PBS, 2000,2005
“Jim Lehrer News Hour”, Guest, PBS, 1998
“Headline News”, Guest, CNN, 1998
“Science Friday”, Guest, NPR, 1998
Most Important Publications
Riess, A. G. et al. 1998, “Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating
Universe and a Cosmological Constant”, AJ, 116, 1009
Riess, A. G., et al. 2004, “Type Ia Supernova Discoveries at z > 1 From the Hubble Space
Telescope: Past Deceleration and Constraints on Dark Energy Evolution”, ApJ, 607,
665
Riess, A. G., Press, W. H., Kirshner, R. P. 1996, “A Precise Distance Indicator: Type Ia
Supernova Multicolor Light Curve Shapes” ApJ, 473, 88
Riess, A. G., et al. 2007, “New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae
at z > 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy”, ApJ, 659,
98
Riess, A. G. et al., 2001, “The Farthest Known Supernova: Support for an Accelerating
Universe and a Glimpse of the Epoch of Deceleration”, ApJ, 560, 49
Riess, A. G., Macri, L., Casertano, S., Sosey, M., Lampeitl, H., Ferguson, H. C., Filippenko,
A. V., Jha, S. W., et al., A Redetermination of the Hubble Constant with the Hubble
Space Telescope from a Differential Distance Ladder, 2009, ApJ, 699, 539
Riess, A. G., Macri, L., Casertano, S., Lampeitl, H., Ferguson, H. C., Filippenko, A. V.,
Jha, S. W., Li, W., et al., A 3% Solution: Determination of the Hubble Constant with
the Hubble Space Telescope and Wide Field Camera 3, 2011, ApJ, 730, 119
Riess, A. G. et al., 1999, “BVRI Photometry of 22 Distant Type Ia Supernovae”, AJ, 117,
707

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